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Carbon Neutrality | Current Status of Hydrogen Energy Utilization and Prospects for Key Technologies
Release date:
2021-06-04 16:15
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In September 2020, President Xi Jinping explicitly stated at the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly that China aims to peak its carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. At the 2021 National People’s Congress and Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, “peaking carbon emissions” and “carbon neutrality” were included in the Government Work Report for the first time. How to achieve these goals in a high-quality manner has become an imperative for the development and transformation of China’s energy structure in the period ahead. To realize this objective, both the production and consumption sides of the energy sector must embark on a green, low‑carbon path.
Hydrogen energy will play a pivotal role in the emerging global energy landscape. The technological innovations, industry competition, and vast investment opportunities it generates serve as strategic pillars for boosting social productivity and national strength, attracting intense interest from the world’s major developed economies. In China, hydrogen energy will also assume a critical position in the country’s carbon‑neutral pathway: its utilization can facilitate the large‑scale, efficient integration of renewable energy; enable inter‑sectoral and inter‑regional redistribution of energy; function as an energy‑buffering medium to enhance the resilience of the energy system; reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector; cut emissions in industrial energy use; substitute for coke in the metallurgical industry to lower carbon footprints; and decrease carbon emissions from building heating.
At present, China’s hydrogen energy development is primarily focused on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and the construction of supporting hydrogen refueling stations. Since the second half of 2018, enthusiasm for the hydrogen economy in China has reached an unprecedented level, and early results are already evident in the deployment of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. However, as a secondary energy source, hydrogen’s potential extends far beyond this application; leveraging hydrogen to build a future low‑carbon, integrated energy system across sectors such as electricity, industry, and heating has been shown to hold immense promise.
China has conducted extensive research on hydrogen energy technologies and industrial development; however, the focus has largely remained on hydrogen production, storage technologies, and the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. By contrast, there is scant reporting on how to harness hydrogen more broadly or on its potential role in reshaping China’s energy mix. Accordingly, this paper highlights the critical contribution of hydrogen to shaping the future energy structure within the pathway toward carbon neutrality and analyzes the key technologies required for its efficient utilization. It also summarizes the approaches and case studies from Europe, Japan, and other countries that leverage hydrogen to improve energy structures and enhance the efficiency of renewable energy deployment, while discussing the current trends and characteristics of cost‑related factors in the hydrogen sector. Finally, the paper examines China’s prevailing strategies for hydrogen development and offers recommendations for the outlook of the country’s hydrogen industry over the coming period.
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